动词 · Subjunctive Mood

虚拟语气

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核心规则

【要点1】if 虚拟条件句三时态:与现在事实相反,从句用过去式(be 用 were),主句用 would/could/might + do;与过去事实相反,从句用 had done,主句用 would have done;与将来相反,从句用 should do 或 were to do。【要点2】错综时间条件句:从句与主句时间不一致时分别按各自时间选形式,如"要是当时听了建议,现在就不会这样"。【要点3】wish 后的宾语从句:现在用过去式,过去用 had done,将来用 would/could do;would rather 后接从句同理。【要点4】(should)+ 动词原形:表建议、命令、要求的动词(suggest、demand、insist、order、require、recommend)后的宾语从句,以及 It is important/necessary/essential that... 结构中,谓语用 should do,should 可省略。【要点5】It is (high) time that 后用过去式;if only 表强烈愿望。注意 suggest 表"表明"、insist 表"坚持认为"时用陈述语气。
考试提示:四级三大命题点:三种时态的公式对应、建议命令类动词后 (should)+do、It is time that + 过去式。特别注意错综条件句要看主从句各自的时间标志词(now、yesterday 等),以及 insist/suggest 的两种语气。

ANIMATED STRUCTURE

句子结构动画拆解

逐块显示句子成分,看清骨架再看修饰
主语谓语宾语补语/表语从句修饰语连接词
例句 1
If I were you 虚拟条件从句(与现在相反) I 主语 would take 谓语(虚拟) the offer 宾语 without hesitation 状语
例句 2
I 主语 wish 谓语 I had studied harder in high school 宾语从句(对过去的虚拟)
例句 3
The doctor 主语 suggested 谓语 that the patient take more exercise 宾语从句(should 省略的虚拟)
例句 4
If he had caught the early train 虚拟条件从句(与过去相反) he 主语 would be 谓语(与现在相反) in Beijing 表语 now 时间状语

EXERCISES

专题练习(6 题)