【要点1】语法一致:主语单数谓语单数,复数则复数;动名词、不定式、从句作主语视为单数。【要点2】就近原则:or、either...or、neither...nor、not only...but also、there be 连接多个主语时,谓语与最近的主语一致。【要点3】就远原则(谓语只看真正主语):主语后接 with、together with、as well as、along with、including、rather than 等短语时,谓语与前面的主语一致。【要点4】意义一致:集体名词(family、team、class)指整体用单数、指成员用复数;表时间、金钱、距离的复数名词看作整体用单数(Ten years is a long time);the number of + 复数名词用单数谓语,a number of 用复数。【要点5】不定代词 each、every、either、neither 及 everyone、something 等作主语用单数;"one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句"中,从句谓语一般与复数名词一致,但前面有 the only one 时用单数。
考试提示:四级常考:the number of 与 a number of、as well as 等"障眼"插入语、either...or 就近原则、时间金钱作整体。解题先划掉主语后的修饰成分,找到真正的中心词再定谓语单复数。
ANIMATED STRUCTURE
句子结构动画拆解
逐块显示句子成分,看清骨架再看修饰
主语谓语宾语补语/表语从句修饰语连接词
例句 1
Each of the students主语(each 为核心,单数)has谓语(单数)a dictionary宾语
每个学生都有一本词典。
例句 2
The teacher主语along with his students插入语(不影响谓语)is visiting谓语(与 teacher 一致)the museum宾语
老师和他的学生们正在参观博物馆。
例句 3
Neither the manager nor the employees主语(就近原则)were系动词(与 employees 一致)satisfied表语with the result状语
经理和员工们都对结果不满意。
例句 4
The number of people主语(the number 为核心)choosing to work from home定语(修饰 people)has increased谓语(单数)sharply状语in recent years时间状语